A chipped tooth that exposes the dentin is not merely a cosmetic problem—it poses a significant dental health risk and can result in serious complications if not addressed promptly. The dentin is the layer beneath the tooth enamel, and once exposed, it increases your risk of tooth sensitivity, tooth decay, and even infection. If you’ve chipped a tooth, whether from teeth grinding, a sports injury, or biting on something hard, it’s crucial to get it treated as soon as possible.
This blog will explore why a chipped tooth untreated can be dangerous, the best treatment options, and how to care for your oral health to prevent further issues. If your tooth hurts, or if you notice sharp edges or discomfort while eating, read on to understand what steps to take next.
How Does a Chipped Tooth with Exposed Dentin Happen?
A chipped tooth may occur unexpectedly or develop gradually as a result of wear and tear, injury, or existing dental issues. When a chipped tooth exposes the dentin, it becomes more than just a cosmetic issue—it can lead to tooth sensitivity, tooth decay, and even infection if left untreated.
Understanding what causes a chipped tooth can help prevent it and ensure prompt treatment when it happens. Here are the most common reasons for chipped tooth dentin exposure situations.
1. Biting on Hard Foods
One of the most common causes of a chipped tooth is chewing on hard foods such as:
- Ice
- Popcorn kernels
- Hard lollies
- Nuts
- Hard bread or crackers
These foods can place excessive pressure on the biting surface of a tooth, causing it to fracture and potentially expose the dentin underneath.
2. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)
Persistent teeth grinding gradually erodes the tooth enamel, increasing the likelihood of cracks and chips. Many people grind their teeth at night without realising it, gradually weakening their tooth structure.
Signs of Teeth Grinding:
- Worn-down teeth with flat surfaces
- Jaw pain or tension
- Headaches, especially in the morning
- Increased tooth sensitivity
3. Sports Injuries and Accidents
A sports-related injury or accident can result in a chipped tooth, particularly in high-contact activities like football, rugby, or boxing. Additionally, falls, car collisions, or an unexpected impact, such as an elbow to the mouth, may result in a cracked or broken tooth.
4. Tooth Decay and Weak Enamel
When a tooth has tooth decay, its enamel becomes weak and brittle, making it more susceptible to chipping or cracking. Cavities weaken the tooth structure, and when pressure is applied—such as when chewing—it can lead to a chipped tooth with exposed dentin.
5. Gum Disease and Receding Gums
Advanced gum disease can compromise the connective tissue that supports the teeth. As the gums recede, a larger portion of the tooth structure is revealed, making it more prone to damage. A weak or loose tooth is more likely to chip under minimal pressure.
6. Accidents and Falls
Slipping, tripping, or falling can result in direct impact on the teeth, leading to a chipped tooth or even a broken tooth. This is common among children, elderly individuals, and those involved in physical activities.
7. Age-Related Wear and Tear
As we age, our tooth enamel naturally gets thinner, making teeth more prone to tooth chipping and fractures. Years of chewing, grinding, and exposure to hot and cold foods can weaken the tooth structure, leading to increased fragility.
8. Using Teeth as Tools
It’s common for people to use their teeth to open bottles, rip packaging, or hold objects when their hands are occupied. These habits put excessive strain on the entire tooth, increasing the risk of chipping or breaking.
What Happens When Dentin is Exposed?
When the dentin becomes exposed due to a chipped tooth, several problems can arise:
- Tooth sensitivity: The tooth pulp contains blood vessels and nerves, and exposed dentin can lead to discomfort when consuming hot and cold foods.
- Risk of infection: Bacteria can penetrate the exposed dentin, leading to infected or damaged pulp.
- Further damage: A chipped tooth untreated may develop into a more extensive fracture requiring root canal therapy or tooth extraction.
- Cosmetic concerns: A chipped tooth can affect the tooth’s appearance, making many people seek dental restorative options such as dental veneers or dental bonding.
Signs That Your Chipped Tooth Needs Immediate Attention
Sometimes, a chipped tooth may not seem serious, especially if there’s no pain. However, when the dentin is exposed, certain symptoms indicate a need for urgent treatment:
- Tooth sensitivity when exposed to hot, cold, or acidic foods and beverages.
- A rough or sharp biting surface that can cut your tongue or cheek
- Discomfort or pain when applying pressure while biting on the affected tooth.
- A visible change in the tooth’s appearance, such as uneven edges
- Swelling near the gum line, indicating a potential dental emergency
- A persistent toothache, which may suggest an infected or damaged pulp
Neglecting these symptoms can lead to more serious issues, including infections that might necessitate root canal treatment or even tooth extraction.
What Happens If a Chipped Tooth Goes Untreated?
A chipped tooth untreated can worsen over time, leading to:
1. Increased Tooth Sensitivity and Pain
Since dentin contains small tubules that connect to the tooth pulp, exposure can lead to tooth pain when eating hot and cold foods or consuming acidic foods.
2. Higher Risk of Infection
When bacteria enter through the exposed dentin, they can reach the infected or damaged pulp, leading to inflammation, abscess formation, and severe infection.
3. Structural Weakness and Tooth Loss
If left untreated, the damaged tooth can continue to weaken, making it more prone to further damage or complete tooth loss.
4. Cosmetic Concerns
A chipped tooth can impact the overall appearance of your smile, impacting self-confidence. This is why many people opt for dental veneers, dental bonding, or tooth-coloured composite resin to restore the look of their teeth.
Treatment Options for a Chipped Tooth with Exposed Dentin
If a chipped tooth reveals dentin, prompt dental care is essential to avoid tooth sensitivity, infection, and additional damage. The suitable treatment will be determined by the severity of the injury, with various options available to restore both function and appearance. Here’s a detailed look at the best ways to treat a chipped tooth promptly.
1. Dental Bonding (Tooth-Coloured Composite Resin)
For minor chips, dental bonding is one of the quickest and most affordable solutions. A tooth-coloured composite resin is used to rebuild and reshape the chipped tooth, restoring its natural appearance.
- Best for: Small to moderate chips
- Procedure: The surface is roughened, a bonding agent is applied, and the resin is shaped and hardened with UV light
- Benefits: Quick, easy, and cost-effective
- Lifespan: 5–10 years with proper dental care
2. Dental Fillings
If the biting surface of the chipped tooth is affected, dental fillings can help restore the tooth structure and prevent further damage. This is especially useful for teeth with tooth decay or fractures near the gum line.
- Best for: Small to medium chips that affect the function of the tooth
- Procedure: The damaged area is cleaned, and a filling is placed to reinforce the tooth
- Benefits: Strengthens the tooth and prevents decay
- Lifespan: 7–15 years
3. Dental Veneers
For larger chips or visible front teeth, dental veneers provide an excellent cosmetic and protective solution. These thin, custom-made shells cover the chipped tooth, restoring its shape, colour, and strength.
- Best for: Moderate to severe chips, particularly on front teeth
- Procedure: A small amount of enamel is removed, and a veneer is bonded to the tooth
- Benefits: Aesthetic improvement and long-lasting protection
- Lifespan: 10–20 years with proper oral health care
4. Dental Crowns
A dental crown is recommended for a broken tooth or a severely chipped tooth with extensive structural damage. The crown completely covers the affected tooth, protecting it from additional harm while reinforcing its strength.
- Best for: Large chips or fractures affecting the entire tooth structure
- Procedure: The tooth is reshaped, an impression is taken, and a custom crown is placed
- Benefits: Provides durability and full protection
- Lifespan: 10–15 years
5. Root Canal Treatment
If the chipped tooth exposes the tooth pulp, causing infection or inflammation, a root canal treatment is necessary. This treatment includes extracting the infected or damaged pulp, sealing the tooth, and fitting a dental crown for added strength and protection.
- Best for: Severe chips with pulp exposure or deep fractures
- Procedure: The tooth pulp is removed, cleaned, and sealed to prevent infection
- Benefits: Saves the natural tooth and eliminates pain
- Lifespan: Permanent with proper dental hygiene
6. Tooth Extraction and Dental Implant
If a chipped tooth is too damaged to be restored, extraction followed by a dental implant may be the most suitable solution. A dental implant replaces the missing tooth, restoring both function and aesthetics.
- Best for: A severely damaged tooth that cannot be restored
- Procedure: The damaged tooth is removed, and an implant is placed in the jawbone
- Benefits: Permanent, natural-looking replacement
- Lifespan: 20+ years
What to Do Before Seeing a Dentist?
If you’ve chipped a tooth, follow these steps to manage discomfort and prevent further complications before seeing a dentist immediately:
- Rinse with salt water to clean the area
- Avoid hard foods and eat soft foods to prevent further damage
- Cover sharp edges with dental wax
- Avoid hot and cold foods to reduce tooth sensitivity
- Maintain good oral hygiene to prevent infection
How to Care for a Chipped Tooth Before Seeing a Dentist
If you’ve chipped a tooth, follow these steps before visiting a dentist immediately:
- Rinse your mouth with warm salt water to help cleanse the mouth and minimise the risk of infection.
- Consume soft foods to minimise pressure on the affected tooth and prevent further damage.
- Avoid acidic foods and hot and cold foods to reduce tooth sensitivity.
- Apply dental wax over sharp edges to prevent cuts inside your mouth.
- Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing gently around the chipped tooth.
Preventing Chipped Teeth in the Future
Protecting your healthy teeth can help prevent future dental emergencies. Here’s how:
- Wear a mouthguard when playing contact sports.
- Avoid chewing on hard foods like ice and bones.
- Use a night guard if you grind your teeth.
- Schedule regular dental check-ups to catch early signs of weakness in your tooth structure.
- Practise good oral hygiene habits by brushing and flossing daily.
- Limit acidic foods and drinks, which can weaken tooth enamel.
By following these tips, you can lower your risk of tooth chipping and maintain a healthy, beautiful smile.
Final Thoughts: Seek Treatment for a Chipped Tooth Promptly
A chipped tooth with exposed dentin should never be ignored. Whether caused by teeth grinding, tooth decay, or a sports injury, seeking prompt care can prevent further complications like infection, tooth loss, or root canal therapy.
Maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding hard foods, and scheduling routine dental check-ups are essential proactive measures to keep your teeth healthy and prevent future dental issues.
If you experience tooth pain or notice a cracked tooth, schedule a consultation today at (08) 7078 8263 to determine the most effective treatment. Early intervention can preserve your tooth structure and reduce the likelihood of requiring more invasive procedures such as tooth extraction or a dental implant.
Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.
References
- Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Chipped tooth. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/chipped-tooth
- WebMD. (n.d.). Teeth grinding (bruxism). Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/teeth-grinding-bruxism
- Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Dental implant surgery. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/dental-implant-surgery/about/pac-20384622
- National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Tooth Anatomy. MedlinePlus. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1121.htm